Heart, Lung & Vascular Centre

Arterial and vascular diseases affect the arteries and blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. These conditions can reduce blood flow to vital organs and limbs, increasing the risk of serious complications such as stroke, aneurysm rupture, or limb-threatening circulation problems if left untreated.

• Acute Arterial Occlusion
  A sudden obstruction in the arteries of the arms or legs that cuts off the supply of blood and oxygen to the affected limb. It may be treated by physically extracting the clot (thrombectomy), breaking it down with medication (thrombolysis), clearing away built-up plaque (endarterectomy), or forming an alternative route for blood to travel (peripheral artery bypass surgery).
• Acute Venous Thrombosis
  The abrupt formation of a blood clot within a deep vein, most often developing in the legs and blocking normal blood flow. It can be managed with medication that thins the blood (anticoagulation) or through a procedure that clears out the clot.
• Acute Limb Ischemia
  A serious condition in which blood flow to a limb drops suddenly, placing the limb at risk and calling for urgent care. The warning signs are known as the 6 P's: loss of pulse (pulselessness), pain, loss of movement (paralysis), pale skin (pallor), a cold feeling in the limb (poikilothermia), and tingling or numbness (paraesthesia).

Other Conditions include:

• Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms & Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
• Aortic Dissection & Dissecting Aneurysms
• Peripheral Arterial Disease: Occlusive Disease | Embolism & Thrombosis | Aneurysms
• Diabetic Foot and Ulcers
• Carotid Artery Disease: Carotid Artery Stenosis | Carotid Body Tumour | Aneurysm
• Renovascular Hypertension
• Vascular Access-Related Conditions (for Haemodialysis Patients)

• Interstitial Lung Disease
  A group of disorders marked by ongoing inflammation and the gradual scarring of the tissue within the lungs.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  A lasting lung condition that develops when the lungs are harmed over time. The damage leaves the airways inflamed and narrowed, so moving air in and out of the lungs becomes more difficult.
• Tuberculosis
  An infectious disease brought on by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it most commonly settles in the lungs, it is also able to spread to other parts of the body.
• Occupational Lung Disease
  A broad set of respiratory problems caused or made worse by breathing in dust, chemicals, fumes, gases, or other hazardous materials in the workplace. They remain one of the most common work-related health concerns, and the majority can be avoided. Frequently seen forms include pneumoconiosis, work-related asthma, pneumonitis, and COPD.
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation
  An organised programme combining supervised exercise, learning sessions, and emotional support, designed to help people living with long-term lung conditions such as COPD carry out daily activities more easily and feel better overall.
• Smoking Cessation
  Throughout their treatment, patients meet regularly with a pharmacist who specialises in helping people stop smoking. Support may involve nicotine replacement therapy, delivered through options such as chewing gum or skin patches.
• Allergies
  An allergy happens when the immune system overreacts to a particular substance, called an allergen. The response can range from mild itchiness to a severe, life-threatening reaction known as anaphylactic shock. Allergens may reach the body by being breathed in, swallowed, or coming into contact with the skin.

• Implantation / Replacement
  Treatments such as Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) fit a replacement valve where the damaged one sits, restoring proper blood flow and correcting narrowing or a poorly working valve.
• Catheter-Based Procedure
  A slim tube known as a catheter is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart. A purpose-built closure device is then delivered along the catheter and positioned over the ventricular septal defect (VSD) to seal the opening in the heart.

• Angioplasty and Stenting
  A keyhole procedure that reopens arteries which have become narrowed or blocked, using a balloon or a metal mesh to bring blood flow back to normal.
• Thrombolysis
  A treatment that breaks down blood clots lodged within a blood vessel.
• Embolisation
  A keyhole procedure, directed by a catheter, that halts bleeding by sealing off the blood flow to the affected vessel.
• Access Intervention (Dialysis and Chemoport)
  Checking whether the blood vessels are suitable and then forming a connection (fistula) between an artery and a vein to prepare a patient for dialysis, or fitting a chemoport for patients undergoing cancer treatment.

• A low-dose CT scan is able to detect lung cancer while it is still in its early phase. Should something unusual show up, doctors may take a tissue sample for testing using bronchoscopy, endobronchial ultrasound with sampling, mediastinoscopy, anterior mediastinotomy, or VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery).
• The tumour is removed through surgery. When the cancer is more advanced or has spread to the lymph nodes, further treatment such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy may be advised once surgery is complete.
• Common forms of lung surgery are lobectomy, pneumonectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection.

• Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
  An open-heart operation that routes blood around blocked coronary arteries by building a graft, helping to restore and strengthen blood flow to the heart.
• Valve Implant, Repair and Replacement
  Procedures that mend or replace heart valves — the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves — that are no longer working as they should.
• Aortic Surgery
  Operations that address aortic dissections and aortic aneurysms.
• Surgical Approach to Congenital Heart Conditions
  Surgery to correct heart defects that are present from birth, offered to both children and adults.

• Lung Diseases
  Shared care, alongside a pulmonologist, for lung conditions such as over-expanded lungs (emphysema) and the thickening or scarring of lung tissue (fibrosis).
• Lung Cancer
  Full screening, diagnosis, and treatment for lung cancer. A range of tests supports an accurate diagnosis, including ctDNA blood tests, low-dose CT scans of the chest, endobronchial ultrasound, and the use of indocyanine green during lung biopsy.
• Lung Resection and Repair
  Removal of unhealthy lung tissue caused by cancer, infection, injury, or bronchiectasis. This can range from a small wedge-shaped piece, a segment, or a lobe, right up to a whole lung.
• Mediastinal Surgery
  Surgical treatment of conditions such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infections found in the central chest area that lies between the lungs (the mediastinum).

• General Pulmonology Services

  Consultation and care for breathing-related problems such as bronchial asthma, bronchitis, a long-lasting cough, difficulty breathing, and lung infections — cases that need only light monitoring and are usually handled on an outpatient basis.

• Acute Pulmonology Services

  • Prompt treatment and airway support for patients experiencing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where the lungs are poorly ventilated as a result of infection, fluid overload, emphysema, or other causes.
  • Extraction of a foreign object that has become stuck in the airway.